Which term describes excess chlorides found in effluents that are not sodium?

The term that accurately describes excess chlorides found in effluents that are not sodium is salinity. Salinity refers to the concentration of salts in water, and when discussing effluents, it specifically implies the presence of various salts, including chlorides, that can impact water quality and environmental health. It is a broader term that encompasses the various ions present in a water sample, allowing for an understanding of total salt concentration.

Brine, while related, specifically refers to a high concentration of saltwater, typically associated with saltwater extraction or industrial processes, which may not exclusively indicate non-sodium chlorides. Recrystallization pertains to the reforming of solid crystalline structures from a solution and does not describe water quality directly. Bridging problems refer to challenges in filtration or separation processes and do not pertain to the measurement of chlorides in effluents. Thus, salinity is the best choice as it encompasses the concept of various dissolved salts, including those that are chlorides and not sodium.